Abstract illustration: plagiarism modes
Originality screening

Plagiarism checker modes: Intrinsic vs Web vs Hybrid (what each is for)

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Plagiarism tools are best used for triage: prioritize what needs review. A common mistake is expecting a single score to mean “plagiarized” or “not plagiarized.” The right interpretation depends on the mode you use.

Think of modes as different questions: intrinsic asks “is this text internally repetitive or unusually self-similar?” Web asks “does this look like public web text?” Hybrid tries to get the best of both and is the safest default for editorial screening.

Choose a mode by goal (quick decision)

Mode selection
  • If privacy is a concern or content is confidential: start with Intrinsic.
  • If you need “possible sources” and the content is public: use Web or Hybrid.
  • If you’re screening submissions and want conservative triage: use Hybrid.
  • If the text is short (< ~100 words): expect less stable scores; use Hybrid and rely on excerpts/sources.

Intrinsic mode: internal signals only

  • Good for detecting repetition, templated writing, and near-duplicates inside a document.
  • Useful when you can’t or shouldn’t query the web (privacy constraints).
  • Not designed to name external sources.
When intrinsic is the right tool

Intrinsic is ideal for detecting self-plagiarism and template reuse (standard intros, policy boilerplate, repeated paragraphs), and for “is this submission too similar to itself?” checks when you cannot use external search.

Web mode: “possible sources” from the public web

  • Good for spotting copied passages that are publicly accessible.
  • Can produce “possible sources” with overlap excerpts.
  • Can miss paywalled sources or content behind logins.

What “possible sources” means (and what it doesn’t)

  • A “possible source” is a lead: a page that looks text-similar enough to review.
  • It is not a legal claim of copying; it may be a common template, shared definitions, or quoted material.
  • Overlap is usually localized: a few paragraphs can drive a score even when the rest is original.
  • Some copying will not be found (paywalls, PDFs, private docs, forums, walled communities).

Hybrid mode: combine intrinsic + web signals

  • Good default when you want both: internal duplication signals plus possible sources.
  • Most useful for editorial triage and screening workflows.

How to interpret results (conservatively)

Conservative interpretation

Treat results as leads. A high score means “review this first,” not “this is plagiarism.” A low score means “we didn’t see strong signals,” not “this is original.”

  • High score + high-confidence excerpts + a clear matching source = prioritize review (most actionable case).
  • High score but sources look like boilerplate/templates = likely benign reuse; document it and move on.
  • Low score but you personally suspect copying = try Web/Hybrid and search by distinctive phrases (names, numbers, unique claims).
How to review a flagged result
  • Open the “possible source” and confirm the text actually matches (not just topic overlap).
  • Check whether the matching text is common boilerplate or truly distinctive.
  • If it’s quoted, confirm it is clearly marked and properly cited.
  • If it’s paraphrased, check whether the structure and specifics are too close.

A practical escalation policy (teams)

Escalate when
  • Distinctive overlap is present (not a template), and it is not quoted/cited.
  • Multiple independent sources show similar overlap (pattern suggests copying).
  • Key claims/figures appear to match a source with minimal transformation.
Do not escalate when
  • The overlap is mostly generic boilerplate (definitions, disclaimers, standard sections).
  • The text is clearly quoted and attributed.
  • The match is only topical (same subject, different wording and specifics).

Next steps

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